The causes of cell injury, reversible or irreversible, may be broadly classified into two large groups. Cell injury, adaptation, and death at pacific northwest university of health sciences studyblue flashcards. Aspirants can take references to the table mentioned below to prepare for gpat 2021 and understand the detail and depth. What is cell injury definition cellular adaptation. In general, permanent organ injury is associated with the death of individual cells. Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations c h a p t e r c o n t e n t s c h1 a p t e r introduction to necpathology 1 overview of cellular responses to stress and noxious stimuli 1 cellular adaptations to apoptosisstress 3 hypertrophy 3 hyperplasia 4 mechanisms atrophy 4 metaplasia autopha5 overview of cell injury and cell death de6. Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations new age medical. D department of pharmacology gokula krishna college of pharmacy, sullurpet, nellore dist 2. When the adaptive potential of the cells is exceeded or inexistent, cells and tissues will be damaged, producing cell injury and in the end, cell death. Cell injury it is change in cells morphology and function in response to stress. Pathology consists of the abnormalities that occur in normal anatomy and physiology leading to disease. This chapter will discuss cellular adaptation, cell injury, cellular accumulations, and cellular aging. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Choose from 500 different sets of cell injury and cells adaptation pathology flashcards on quizlet.
Exchange occurs as substances dissolved in an aqueous solution move across. The syllabus of the gpat 2021 entrance examination majorly concentres on the various dimensions of pharmaceutics. Chapter 5 cellular adaptation, injury, and death a b c. Causes and pathogensis of cell injury and cellular adaptation. Explain the various types of cell injury with examples. Cell injury and adaptation very nice presentation ppt if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above.
If the adaptive capability is exceeded or if the external stress is inherently harmful, cell injury develops fig. Objectives discriminate cell adaptation, reversible cell injury and irreversible cell injury cell death based on etiology, pathogenesis and histological and ultrastructural appearance. First, in order to preserve the viability of the cell, adaptive changes appear. When these changes occur in a population of cells simultaneously, macroscopic evidence of change can be observed at the tissue level. View test prep chapter 5 cellular adaptation, injury, and death from nurs 2700 at valdosta state university. Pharm courses in aicte approved colleges across india. Pathophysiology ch 01 introduction, cell injury, adaptaion. So, what were going to do is were going to talk about the four types of adaptations. In the following quiz on cells, well be looking at how all of this can occur and what the processes are behind it. Freely browse and use ocw materials at your own pace. Introduction to pathology greek word pathos suffering logos study definition. Cellular response to injury apply knowledge of membrane physiology, metabolism, signal transduction and macromolecular synthesis to discuss cellular responses to injury at the cell, tissue and organism levels. Mirza anwar baig anjumaniislams kalsekar technical campusanjumaniislams kalsekar technical campus school of pharmacy,new.
Adaptation, injury, and death 5 cytoplasmic changes described later. Pathogenesis of cell injury general principles of pathogenesis 1. Learn cell injury and cells adaptation pathology with free interactive flashcards. An example of hypertrophy would be a liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy b breast development at puberty c the uterus during pregnancy d the uterus during menstruation e a papillomavirus induced skin wart 2. General principles cell response to injury is not an allornothing phenomenon response to a given stimulus depends on the type. A long tradition defines the scope of pathology as both a clinical specialty and an area of biomedical research. Cellular adaptation atrophy decrease in cell size hypertrophy increase in cell size. General principles regarding cellular response to injury and its consequences. A pathologist notes that a biopsy from the lung of living patients shows the morphologic changes indicative of irreversible injury and cell death.
By contrast, the cellular response to persistent sublethal injury, whether chemical or physical, reflects adaptation of the cell to a hostile environment. In cell biology and pathophysiology, cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes. The physiology of rod and cone vision has been under investigation for many years, and many significant contributions have been made within the past few years, notably by hecht and his associates in this country and lythgoe and his associates in great britain. It is the scientific study of structure and function of the body in disease. A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations. Cells basic outline is preserved but details are lost. Basic principles of cell injury and adaptation free download as powerpoint presentation.
Graduate pharmacy aptitude test gpat 2020 syllabus is available on the page. Cell injury may be reversible sublethal or irreversible lethal. Adaptation change in cell morphology and function in. Cell death, the end result of progressive cell injury, is one of the most crucial events in the evolution of disease in any tissue. Write principles involved in pathogenesis of cell injury by various agents. The adaptation may be physiologic normal or pathologic abnormal. Cell injury and adaptation very nice presentation ppt. Cellular adaptation to injury 1 atrophy shrinkage in the size of the cell by the loss of cell substance. Explain how amoebas, hydras, tapeworms, and whales exchange materials with their environment. For example, a heart muscle fiber stops beating within 60 seconds after cessation of blood flow. The first change, of course, is loss of atp production by mitochondria. Aspirants preparing for the upcoming gpat 2020 exam can consider the syllabus for effective preparation.
The cellular basis of disease cell injury 3 apoptosis and necrosis cellular aging christine hulette md. Within certain limits injury is reversible, and cells return to a stable baseline. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell injury, adaptation, and death at pacific northwest.
Cells respond to injury through a wide variety of adaptive mechanisms. General principles cell response to injury is not an allornothing phenomenon response to a given stimulus depends on the type, status, and genetic makeup of the injured cell cells are complex interconnected systems, and single local injuries can result in multiple secondary and tertiary effects cell function is lost far before biochemical and. Discuss causes of cellular injury and cellular changes. Five types of morphological adaptations include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Lecture notes principle and practice of human pathology. Cell damage also known as cell injury is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Study 51 cell injury, adaptation, and death flashcards from vy n. The four basic types of cellular adaptation to be discussed in this section are. Basic principles of cell injury and adaptation mitosis cell nucleus. A series of videos that will briefly describe different aspects of cell injury. A pdf of the gpat 2021 syllabus has also been attached below to get more clarity.
Bio 217 pathophysiology class notes professor linda falkow unit 1. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Watch online video lessons on the basic components of pathophysiology and learn cell structure, types of cell injuries, cellular adaptation, and more. Due to ischemic injury to brain cells neurons and neuroglia hydrolytic enzymes digest cells. Cell injury, adaptation and death mit opencourseware. Mechanisms of cell injury and death 5 figure 1 electron micrographs of murine thymocytes from normal a, sham laparotomy and septic b, caecal ligation and. Mitochondrial damage, cell wall damage, free radicals 4. You can go back and check out those videos, but in this video, what i want to talk about is the first cause of disease which is an adaptation. Anatomy, lecture 11, the peritoneum lecture notes uploaded by. Reversible injury may require cellular adaptation but the cell survives. Basic principles of cell injury and adaptation bharat institute of technology mr. Although rooted in the correlation of anatomical and histological changes with clinically apparent disease and hence the iconic images of autopsy and microscope, modern pathology studies the causes of disease etiology and the expressionevolution of. Basic principles of cell injury linkedin slideshare. Chapter 1 cellular responses to stress and toxic insults.
Bio217 sp12 unit 1 12 cellular adaptation cellular injury reversible irreversible cellular injury hypoxic injury due to ischemia. Cell injury persistent stress often leads to chronic cell injury. When a sufficient number of cells is involved, the entire tissue or organ diminishes in size. Cellular adaptation atrophy decrease in cell size hypertrophy increase in cell size hyperplasia increase in cell. So, theres an injurious agent in the environment of the cell, and the cell reacts in a way to prevent injury.
Cells constantly accommodate to changing demands of environment cells undergo adaptation, maintaining homeostasis and preserving their viability within a narrow range of physiologic parameters if cells adaptive capability is exceeded cell injury results adaptation or injury depends on. The nature and severity of stress, vulnerability of cell, its. With the help of a diagram differentiate ultrastructural changes between reversible and irreversible cell injury due to hypoxiaischemia. Cell injury occurs when the limits to an adaptive response adaptation have been exceeded or if the cells are not able to adapt. When cell death occurs in the living body, the term necrosis is used. At the cellular level, there are many processes that can lead to necrosis. National testing agency conducts gpat for admission of candidates in m. Which of the following is most likely responsible for cell death in a living body. You are asked to participate in a research project on myocardial infarctions in a rat model. Describe different types of neoplasmsdiscuss mechanisms of carcinogenesis 1.
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